tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13252146041356583402024-02-21T15:05:48.478+08:00小p老師的實驗室Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06663891665217069839noreply@blogger.comBlogger64125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-83081640054822345412019-11-15T11:32:00.002+08:002019-11-15T15:56:55.406+08:00你測到的溫度不是溫度這是一篇談測量觀念的文章,也是我覺得可能可以在高中或大學科學教育階段跟學生好好聊一下的東西。我小時候不太用功,這些東西沒學懂。長大當老師之後,因為開始作大量的國中實驗,慢慢遇到問題,自己想或者請教很多前輩才慢慢建立一點概念。這樣的歷程並不奇怪,本來當科學老師就應該要持續進步進修,慢慢完備自己的能力。不可能所有的東西都要別人教才會,自學還是很重要的。<br />
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以上是題外話...<br />
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事情是這樣的,有一次用把一塊黃銅丟到沸騰的水裡面,過一段時間後拿出來,想說可以用Seek Thermal熱顯像儀測量表面溫度,然後測量溫度下降的曲線。一測之下,發現剛從沸水取出來的金屬塊居然溫度才六七十度。<br />
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一開始想說,這溫度也下降太快了吧。用手一摸,差點燙到。拿K-type熱電偶貼上去一測,結果明明就是高達九十多度的金屬塊。結果在熱顯像儀上面,顯示的溫度低了很多。<br />
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這件事情經過很久之後的最近,我才意識到,我們用所有溫度計測到的,其實都不是溫度。<br />
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一般煤油或水銀溫度計,測量到的是其實是體積;熱敏電阻測量到的是電阻;熱電偶測到的是利用金屬在不同溫度下,會產生的電動勢;熱顯像儀應該和紅外線溫度計一樣,是抓取紅外線強度吧。<br />
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沒有一個儀器,是真正測量「溫度」的。而是當溫度會影響體積、電動勢或紅外線放射的強度時(如果是線性的影響那更好),我們就可以藉由讀取體積、電動勢或紅外線強度來知道溫度。體積可以直接讀取,電動勢和紅外線強度,還得要經過一些轉換,才會真正變成我們讀取的訊號。<br />
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如果是線性的關係,例如溫度(y)是體積(x)的函數,而且關係是線性的話。抓個兩個溫度(例如攝氏0度和100度)的體積,作個標示。然後中間等分100分,畫上刻度就變成了用體積改變來測量溫度的溫度計。其他的原理也大致如此。<br />
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那麼,中間的轉換如果出問題的時候,讀到的東西就會有問題了。例如是不是每一種物質,紅外線放射的強度,和溫度的相關系是不是都一樣呢?這件事情應該跟「發射率」有關<br />
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根據<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E7%8E%87">維基百科</a><br />
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<b style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px; text-size-adjust: auto;">發射率</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">是衡量物體表面以</span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px; text-decoration-line: none; text-size-adjust: auto;" title="熱輻射">熱輻射</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">的形式釋放能量相對強弱的能力。物體的發射率等於物體在一定溫度下發射的能量與同一溫度下</span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BD%93%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px; text-decoration-line: none; text-size-adjust: auto;" title="黑體輻射">黑體輻射</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">能量之比。</span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BD%93_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px; text-decoration-line: none; text-size-adjust: auto;" title="黑體 (物理學)">黑體</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">的發射率等於1,其他物體的發射率介於0和1之間。發射率是個</span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E9%87%8F" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px; text-decoration-line: none; text-size-adjust: auto;" title="純量">純量</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">。</span> </blockquote>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">通常來說,材料顏色越暗表面越粗糙,其發射率就越接近1。材料的</span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E7%8E%87" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="反射率">反射率</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">越高,其發射率就越低,高度拋光的</span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%B6" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px; text-decoration-line: none;" title="銀">銀</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">的發射率只有大約0.02</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E7%8E%87#cite_note-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a></sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.008px;">。</span></blockquote>
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根據這個說法,我的黃銅塊表面看起來有點拋光的話,發射率就會下降,導致測量到的溫度變低。要證明這個說法,可以用砂紙把黃銅表面磨粗一點,應該可以在相同溫度下用熱顯像儀或紅外線溫度計測量到比較高的溫度。<br />
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一般來說,我們都會直接相信儀器。除非要處理嚴謹的科學研究,否則不太可能懷疑每一個儀器。直接拿儀器測量到數值,就直接拿來用了。所以大概也少會思考每個儀器內部的原理和信息轉換過程可能的問題。<br />
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直到有一天我被金屬塊燙到,然後再過兩三年,才意識到這些事情。<br />
<br />jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-64884641706920900022018-04-13T21:28:00.004+08:002018-04-13T21:28:52.120+08:00電解廣用試劑將三顆9V電池串聯成27V,接上石墨筆心之後電解中性的廣用指示劑。正極產生鹼性,負極產生酸性,於是就產生不同顏色。<br />
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底部加上燈箱,真的賞心悅目。算是美麗的化學吧<br />
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<br />jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-1571175068349467182018-01-19T22:28:00.000+08:002018-01-19T22:28:57.207+08:00氣體發光光譜前幾天買了一些氣體元素管,搭配電漿球發出來的高壓電,就可以讓氣體元素發光。<br />
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為了方便展示和操作,用雷切切了一個架子,把電漿球擺在中間,氣體管子放在周圍。這樣就可以容易觀察氣體通電發光的樣子了。</div>
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接下來,就用Scimage的光譜儀,SciView,來觀察這些氣體管的光譜。不過我弄出來的亮度太低了,所以要把SciView前方狹縫拆除,才測的到光。</div>
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這是氦氣的光譜</div>
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這是氖氣的光譜</div>
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可以和這張光譜作個比較 <a href="http://greyghost.mooo.com/repairfaq/sam/spechene.gif" target="_blank">spechene.gif</a><br />
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把氦氣光譜用imageJ來分析,可以得到下面這兩張圖,第一張是氦氣的光譜,第二張是氖氣<br />
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<br />jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-89536106335430149332017-11-10T11:55:00.001+08:002017-11-10T12:02:59.926+08:00鎵的低熔點與鉍金屬結晶前一陣子花了大把鈔票,買了鎵、矽和鉍的元素,準備給學生看。其中,鎵是低融點金屬,可以泡個熱水就變成液態,很有趣。不過麻煩的是,鎵和玻璃附著力量很強,所以不能放在玻璃瓶中,會黏整片,甚至聽說會沿著玻璃爬高。所以就跟賣家問了這個問題,他送我氟素樹脂管,就可以安全存放了。<br />
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融化過程影片</div>
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鎵很酷,不過鉍更酷!低於三百度就能融化,密度約10g/cm3,然後有超級無敵酷的結晶和顏色。<br />
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買了兩公斤的金屬鉍(沒結晶的),拿一些出來加熱融掉之後,放涼就可以。說是這樣說,但是這樣會得到整塊的金屬鉍,結晶會在裡面看不到。所以一般的作法是,等到表層慢慢凝固,卻還沒完全封死之前,把裡面液態的鉍倒出來,裡面騰出空間後,就可以看到結晶了。最後把上面凝固的表面挖開,就可以看清楚裡面的結晶鉍了。<br />
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請看影片囉<br />
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<br />jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-66753025706683442852017-11-07T21:44:00.000+08:002017-11-07T23:57:41.302+08:00聲速測量實驗去年開始用arduino 超音波模組來進行聲速測量的實驗,效果還算不錯。因為這學期學生已經摸arduino+ywrobot EMS好一陣子了,所以組裝實驗裝置沒什麼問題。就把四條線插到我預設的腳位,打開電源取到正確的模式,就可以了。作法大概就是跟下面的影片一樣,不過影片裡面的ms應該改成us。<br />
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工具有了,其他就簡單了。先跟學生確定聲音的速度=聲音走的距離除以聲音走的時間,了解液晶螢幕左上角顯示的是聲音來回總共花的時間。距離則用直尺測量就行了。有了距離有了時間,當然就可以算速度。<br />
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障礙物就用這個東西,本來是設計用來當作凸透鏡成像的屏幕的,今天想到拿來做超音波反射屏障也可以。這東西的底座,有個尖突起。對準直尺刻度就可以讀到屏障在直尺的刻度位置。<br />
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學習單上把儀器組裝步驟和實驗方式都寫了,所以沒有要訓練學生這個。這實驗單純是要測量聲音速度的。<br />
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讓學生測量10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm之下,聲音來回的距離。作紀錄,就可以計算每一次測量到的聲速了。</div>
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實際測出來的聲速,平均大約331.1m/s, 在做聲速實驗之前,有測量溫度大概是30度(說好的立冬呢?) 換算成聲速大約是349m/s, 這樣誤差大約3%。我覺得夠準囉<br />
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其實如果有時間,應該來試試看吹個風,加個熱,看看聲速會有什麼改變。探討影響聲速的因素。<br />
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順道一提,這個實驗只是測量技術的實驗而已,還稱不上探究。因為還沒開始探討哪些因素會影響聲速。jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-47947796675637209232017-03-31T16:12:00.000+08:002017-03-31T16:12:00.019+08:00鈉燄色的測量用江老師的光譜儀,想要測量氯化鈉的燄色,其實就是鈉的燄色啦。過程很簡單,測量的方式大致上就是<a href="http://jjplab.blogspot.tw/2016/11/blog-post.html">像這篇這樣</a><br />
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今天把機器架好之後,讓光譜儀對到比較沒光線的地方。然後用紫光和綠光雷射校正之後,用瓦斯噴槍燒食鹽,看到黃色譜線後,記錄下來,然後抓譜線出來換算</div>
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原始數據是</div>
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綠光雷射532nm,落在X=316的地方, 紫光雷射是405nm,落在X=98的地方。鈉光的顏色,落在X=414的地方,線性換算,得到鈉燄色波長為589.11nm。</div>
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超級準啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊</div>
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jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-72336141081049684992016-11-28T10:33:00.003+08:002016-11-28T10:33:37.159+08:00光與顏色的實驗這實驗很久以前就想做了,但是因為一直沒有很好很方便的光譜儀,一直沒辦法做。直到拿到江老師設計的光譜儀,加上阿簡提供的imageJ + webcam可以做出live光譜的技術,就讓這個實驗方便很多。<br />
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<br />jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-5180171561263850802016-08-15T20:36:00.000+08:002016-08-15T20:38:22.948+08:00微距測量記錄因為設計課程的關係,需要想辦法測量微小的東西。於是就用之前用<a href="http://jjpaid.blogspot.tw/2015/01/webcam.html">羅技的webcam做顯微鏡的感光器</a>時拆下來的鏡頭放在手機前面想辦法拍攝微小的東西,但是我沒有辦法同時拍到尺的刻度和待測物體,沒辦法讓兩者同時清楚。後來想,我只要固定拍攝的方式,分別拍下兩個東西,一樣可以比大小。<br />
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先拍鐵尺,鐵尺上面的刻度有到0.5mm,就是一般測微器的500um大小的寬度。<br />
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略有點糊掉了,拍攝的時候刻意切齊左邊刻度,可以看到大約有六個完整個刻度再多一些。引進估計值的概念,大約就是6.5個小格子,一格是0.5mm,所以視野的寬度大約是3.25mm。接下來拍Macbook air的螢幕,如下圖。</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi70XtavjaCB2OLyjPUQpvPstvnlpocGjzldsDP3_wqcFAlglO3IUJhkjNETkPIxQGDgW3JhRTLdZkmK6o05SNNo5oq1pi5ht4Afc81DVSbt4ym-MNmRr0YcWVS_p9PxXkjUzC02CYSBUG3/s1600/13989542_10208984798351640_957731526_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi70XtavjaCB2OLyjPUQpvPstvnlpocGjzldsDP3_wqcFAlglO3IUJhkjNETkPIxQGDgW3JhRTLdZkmK6o05SNNo5oq1pi5ht4Afc81DVSbt4ym-MNmRr0YcWVS_p9PxXkjUzC02CYSBUG3/s640/13989542_10208984798351640_957731526_n.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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最左邊是紅色的,一路抓到最右邊共有16個紅燈,但是又多一個綠色的。一組RGB是一個pixel,所以共有16.33個pixel,紅色左邊還有一點點縫隙,所以就估計為16.5個pixel寬度。接下來就可以計算囉。<br />
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16.5/3.25 = 5.07 pixel/mm<br />
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Macbook air螢幕的寬度是286.4 mm, 解析度是1440x900, 所以依照這個規格來說<br />
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1440/286.4 = 5.03 pixel/mm<br />
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該說是量的很準,還是蘋果的規格沒有灌水呢?嘖嘖。好啦我是不是應該練習一下用imageJ幫我計算pixel呢?jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-74469319083240071292016-07-26T14:51:00.002+08:002016-07-26T14:51:23.450+08:00摩擦起電實驗<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a name='more'></a><br />jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-89025810828995599372016-03-23T15:41:00.001+08:002016-03-23T15:46:57.124+08:00【再做一次】融熔食鹽會導電說明食鹽是一種離子化合物<br />
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在進行阿瑞尼士電解質解離說課程時,提到因為電解質溶於水會解離出離子,離子在水溶液中可以自由移動讓水溶液導電。那麼除了溶解在水中之外,還有沒有別的方式可以得到自由離子呢?<br />
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有,那就是把離子化合物,例如食鹽,加熱之後融化變成液態食鹽,就得到自由離子了。上面的影片,就是用瓦斯噴槍加熱得到液態食鹽後,讓原本在蒸發皿裡面的兩條迴紋針導通變成通路而讓LED燈發光。jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-41109811714099655022016-03-18T23:40:00.002+08:002016-03-18T23:40:45.818+08:00熱感儀熱學實驗今年用了新玩具來觀察熱傳導,效果很好唷。首先拿四隻不同材質的棒子,從左到右分別是銅、鐵、鋁、玻璃。末端放在一起,然後下面是酒精燈。<br />
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接著是新玩具出場,就是SeekThermal。玩具的介紹在這邊,詳細就不說了,總之是把iPad/iPhone or Android變成熱感攝影機的東西。上面這個情況,如果用seek thermal 拍起來,就變成下面這張圖。<br />
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四根棒子溫度稍微比室溫高一些,然後酒精燈芯部分溫度相對蠻低的。<br />
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點火加熱,之後,請看影片。<br />
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喔喔喔,我覺得噴火槍點火的時候的熱流超帥的~~。從影片可以看出來,最左邊的銅導熱速度快,鋁也很快,只差銅一點點而已。然後鐵棒導熱速度慢,玻璃當然更慢。<br />
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熄火後拍一張,如下圖。<br />
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同場加映,今天早上,略出太陽的時候,校園的溫度。校園長這樣<br />
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校園溫度長這樣,地面熱,牆壁熱,銅像熱,有植被的地方溫度低一些<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiusyxNG-7V4j5jRfuI1_dYSQrS9tyu1SVUP8MMaUMbSq4dQOSekbucTu5LTlgCFWhbFvF72VzAku_Njc8I3dpn2hcYCKFw-LH_3SgvOhEwHiu56o_DQ2CZmlEuGetnaZ3rlf-oo1yh2jiE/s1600/IMG_0681.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiusyxNG-7V4j5jRfuI1_dYSQrS9tyu1SVUP8MMaUMbSq4dQOSekbucTu5LTlgCFWhbFvF72VzAku_Njc8I3dpn2hcYCKFw-LH_3SgvOhEwHiu56o_DQ2CZmlEuGetnaZ3rlf-oo1yh2jiE/s320/IMG_0681.JPG" width="242" /></a><br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06663891665217069839noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-67017978038968999162015-11-28T19:14:00.001+08:002015-11-28T19:14:11.708+08:00雲母偏光因為雲母有隔熱的特性,所以在吹風機的加熱鎳鉻絲旁邊和中間都會有雲母片嵌在紙裡面。今天知道了之後,就拆了一個壞掉的吹風機(還好沒丟)拿來顯微鏡底下觀察。<br />
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吹風機裡面其實有很多好東西,除了雲母之外,加熱鎳鉻絲、扇葉、多段的開關、幾個二極體、馬達(或許可以變成不錯的發電機),都是很好的maker材料ㄟ。<br />
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來看看雲母偏光效果吧<br />
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<br />jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-26490867249305522772015-10-21T15:22:00.000+08:002015-10-21T15:23:03.503+08:00用video physics進行牛頓第二運動定律實驗用Video Physics取得實驗數據後,用logger pro lite進行分析。 關於Video Physics和Logger pro lite 的說明在<a href="http://jjpaid.blogspot.tw/2015/09/video-physics-logger-prologger-pro-lite.html">這邊</a><br />
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<a name='more'></a>讓學生進行滑車實驗,用Video Physics蒐集數據後。將數據傳送到電腦(Video Physics可以用email把數據寄給電腦)然後用Logger pro開啟,將數據拿到excel或numbers等試算表軟體分析。<br />
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上圖是Logger pro lite的畫面,是其中一次的實驗結果,可以看到左上角是實驗錄影,也track到滑車運動軌跡點。這次總共做了4種不同的拉力,分別是20gw, 40gw, 60gw, 80gw。滑車質量約160g, 總砝碼重100g。<br />
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我把四次實驗結果通通抓到numbers裡面,然後把時間原點變成0, 速度則是減去最開始的速度,就變成速度變化了。接著畫出四條線,畫出趨勢線。可以看到四條線的R2都還蠻好的,除了藍色的V1(拉力20gw)決定係數稍差之外,其他都還蠻好的。</div>
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所以可以知道砝碼拉滑車的運動是等加速度運動。</div>
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接下來,看四個斜率,分別是46.5, 115.8, 181, 259.9。斜率代表的是加速度,單位是cm/s^2。所以把數字通通除以100,就變成加速度的標準單位。接著把拉力單位換成牛頓,就變成下面的表格。</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvcj1DMK3OtwXXOp0y-fjzPj1cyz90EZBBiXIoadILv4dP13azUmv8dzB-1trAxikFNuMbqIBAYj6muBUNadmFJYqCzKeIehcYm2eDUgImrG4YqoOU7ITIlF5XGTEvClmZMAMsmptvjSw0/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7+2015-10-21+%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25882.58.08.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvcj1DMK3OtwXXOp0y-fjzPj1cyz90EZBBiXIoadILv4dP13azUmv8dzB-1trAxikFNuMbqIBAYj6muBUNadmFJYqCzKeIehcYm2eDUgImrG4YqoOU7ITIlF5XGTEvClmZMAMsmptvjSw0/s640/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7+2015-10-21+%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25882.58.08.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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將施力大小和加速度作圖(上圖的加速度單位錯了)得到右邊的圖,線仍然很直。但是截距沒有為0,X軸截距大約是0.071。這截距代表什麼呢?<br />
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斜率是3.6應該代表的是質量的倒數,1/3.6大約是0.278,也就是依照這個數據看起來,質量應該是0.278kg,也就是278g<br />
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剛剛說滑車約160g, 總砝碼質量100g, 總重260g, 以國中實驗來說,應該算夠準了吧!<br />
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<br />jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-29196683778674488492015-06-05T16:12:00.000+08:002015-06-05T16:12:26.149+08:00摩擦力實驗<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FT6nLfuT96g" width="640"></iframe><br />
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數據(影片之後我又補了一個點)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUhYeuDDJtDES-ztUR4XO_YEw7HWpVVKw17nUR7-s2jyofNetLNEZat4_67rSha4c3HTHz-LDK_XoRFh3FtA58uckc7w_fbBQoMkFlILMc9DzgWpfnA0V2GnWewZ5Y9b8J_BOAL63mmDuM/s1600/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7+2015-06-05+%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25884.04.50.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="556" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUhYeuDDJtDES-ztUR4XO_YEw7HWpVVKw17nUR7-s2jyofNetLNEZat4_67rSha4c3HTHz-LDK_XoRFh3FtA58uckc7w_fbBQoMkFlILMc9DzgWpfnA0V2GnWewZ5Y9b8J_BOAL63mmDuM/s640/%25E8%259E%25A2%25E5%25B9%2595%25E5%25BF%25AB%25E7%2585%25A7+2015-06-05+%25E4%25B8%258B%25E5%258D%25884.04.50.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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在國中階段,應該足以說明接觸面積和最大靜摩擦力無關;正向力和最大靜摩擦力成正比。<br />
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我看到線這麼直好興奮啊~~~終於可以不要做虛擬實驗了jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-72953984981863291812015-03-19T16:34:00.002+08:002015-03-19T16:34:25.689+08:00鋁熱劑將鋁罐融掉若沒有專業的化學技能,請勿自行嘗試<div>
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鋁熱劑</div>
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劇烈的氧化還原反應,放出大量的熱將鋁罐輕鬆熔掉</div>
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<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/19An8gwtxRs/0.jpg" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/19An8gwtxRs?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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<a href="http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=48490">這裡有原理和更厲害的影片</a></div>
jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-21911612161681210252015-02-26T15:23:00.003+08:002015-02-26T15:23:30.556+08:00美麗化學之燄色把藥品放到燃燒匙上,瓦斯噴槍開下去燒燒看。<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%B0%E8%89%B2%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94">http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/焰色反应</a><br />
家裡有瓦斯噴槍的,可以拿小蘇打啦,食鹽啦什麼的燒燒看。其實用瓦斯爐燒也可以啦...<br />
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硫酸銅<br />
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硝酸鍶<br />
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硝酸鈣</div>
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硝酸鉀<br />
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硝酸鋇<br />
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碳酸鈉<br />
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<br />jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-31821482660573305752014-12-17T12:35:00.001+08:002014-12-17T12:35:27.073+08:00sensordrone壓力實驗1.水越深壓力越大<br />
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2.波以耳定律
<iframe width="640" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/SN8SIHX4ifY" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-65990579640756147212014-12-11T18:23:00.000+08:002015-06-28T13:02:44.686+08:00消失的圓底燒瓶<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
前一陣子做天氣瓶的時候,意外發現學校有購入Pyrex的圓底燒瓶,讓我如獲至寶!
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為什麼呢?Pyrex有特別厲害嗎?也不是,主要是因為它的玻璃裡面加了硼。<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borosilicate_glass">硼玻璃</a>的折射率和食用油接近,所以就可以做上面那個影片的實驗。把油倒進去之後,圓底燒瓶就看不清楚了,但是普通玻璃的玻璃棒還是很清楚。<br />
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那麼這樣的實驗觀察要用在哪裡?學生可以藉由觀察這個實驗學到什麼?<br />
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我的想法是,對國中生而言,這個實驗不會是在研究折射的過程中出現。而是在折射相關的理論都了解之後,再引進這個實驗。<br />
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也就是學生並不是藉由這個實驗觀察,產生了什麼新知識。而是運用已經學過的知識在新奇的現象上。去熟練運用已經學過的知識,去發現原來這些看起來特別的現象和之前學過的是同樣的事情。<br />
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如果說是POE或者POEC課程的話,則會比較重視在後面的OE/OEC。預測部分倒是無從預測起。如果真要預測,恐怕先測量一下兩者的折射率了。<br />
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那麼觀察完現象,運用所學的知識來解釋這個現象,或者把圓底燒瓶和玻璃棒的不同做出比較,我覺得是這個實驗可以在課堂上使用的方法。jjponghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00102461059910408914noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-66189776024282041042014-11-13T15:10:00.002+08:002014-11-13T15:10:12.968+08:00光的折射實驗光經過凸透鏡(玻璃球)後折射聚集<br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06663891665217069839noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-12785352539835678892014-09-29T22:15:00.004+08:002014-09-29T22:25:40.429+08:00Strava 高鐵測試<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" height="405" scrolling="no" src="http://www.strava.com/activities/200942651/embed/259759cee2c95e11d00fe9c59bef2a0b72cd7ae2" width="590"></iframe></div>
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<a name='more'></a>看到這是一個Ride活動,也就是騎自行車,然後24分22秒的時間,跑了93.6km,簡直是用飛的....。其實這是用app記錄高鐵的訊息。<br />
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Strava是一個運動輔助app,可以用手機的GPS記錄你的時間、路徑、速度等資訊。然後在搭乘高鐵的時候,開啟這個app,就可以記錄高鐵的速度、加速度等訊息了。<br />
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這次測試了兩段,一段是台中到新竹,另一段是新竹到台北市。不過因為是用GPS來記錄的,所以進隧道的後,GPS訊號就會不見了,所以有些路段會怪怪的。<br />
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有哪些訊息可以看呢?<br />
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左邊的功能選項中,按下analyze<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNSm8uX0S0K-k3tvtBHIfjcZ7ALIUga6Au2500VQKpvMzUlFn7JvuB8ikWFB6k7tMDZYJ39xUDiQyRLMy8fMNXBlxCGat1BgUVyN39Q4Q6cHx1tSRhBuQyWsUOCVYkulBSdS8n9tRlJTqi/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.32.58.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNSm8uX0S0K-k3tvtBHIfjcZ7ALIUga6Au2500VQKpvMzUlFn7JvuB8ikWFB6k7tMDZYJ39xUDiQyRLMy8fMNXBlxCGat1BgUVyN39Q4Q6cHx1tSRhBuQyWsUOCVYkulBSdS8n9tRlJTqi/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.32.58.png" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
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然後就可以在地圖下方看到兩個圖<br />
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一個圖的縱軸是高度,下面那張圖的縱軸是速度。<br />
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橫軸預設是距離,但是可以改成時間。就是點選兩張圖中間,有個「時鐘」的符號就可以了。(看不清楚就點圖放大吧)<br />
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接著你可以用滑鼠框選你想看的時段,就會放大給你看喔<br />
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例如我來選擇高鐵離站,到加速至兩百多公里的這一段<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiAgOrCq-7_LC33NVXj9yxLKHndxquzCvyrCzrZmbeB0sPvBtW9OFfHRDUQCB2OryzT1_n_WcBeQt7sm46ptJr_QEVcChpCL9cdwqnL9Fgdil9el-SSYHJOp9Oh2d2mT2SCUllfV1HXplT/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.36.19.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiAgOrCq-7_LC33NVXj9yxLKHndxquzCvyrCzrZmbeB0sPvBtW9OFfHRDUQCB2OryzT1_n_WcBeQt7sm46ptJr_QEVcChpCL9cdwqnL9Fgdil9el-SSYHJOp9Oh2d2mT2SCUllfV1HXplT/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.36.19.png" height="404" width="640" /></a></div>
你可以看到上圖有一個區塊被我選擇了,下圖則是把被選擇的區塊放大的結果。把滑鼠移動到你想要的位置,就可以讀到資訊。<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOFxOPol4o2IRoVXRxs_ybDRspAsLsuij4as4JybMMIoMU6Nc5e9dCnnpb04znrRdU0Hqj6F-hXWW58fca5PkbkzCFZJ1C1MGDjN_lgIJlMMQnpm-VWQUQK4S8ZSqVmQSxJUByJNtMSyJC/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.36.58.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOFxOPol4o2IRoVXRxs_ybDRspAsLsuij4as4JybMMIoMU6Nc5e9dCnnpb04znrRdU0Hqj6F-hXWW58fca5PkbkzCFZJ1C1MGDjN_lgIJlMMQnpm-VWQUQK4S8ZSqVmQSxJUByJNtMSyJC/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.36.58.png" height="403" width="640" /></a></div>
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在圖的右邊有一排數字從上倒下分別是0.0km 4s 27m 1.2%。分別是行走的距離、時間、高度和坡度。然後下面有兩個比較大的數字是7.6km/hr和 371w,分別代表現在的速度和輸出功率(也就是騎腳踏車的人輸出的功率,當然不是指高鐵的輸出功率啦)</div>
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那接著我把時間拉到大約4min的地方看看</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGvBEzof1zHaXvIf4w6OlbE-z98fZK3Td53fZs6hJANnhYkOy_saXSf81CwtnSlEoSGz1ZCCrnaT3tOs7apNk5tkfpf8D_B83yYX-9Uyqvnh7lTRWtcEAYEYzoLqE3WZUMw-AdSEsNvMG-/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.37.27.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGvBEzof1zHaXvIf4w6OlbE-z98fZK3Td53fZs6hJANnhYkOy_saXSf81CwtnSlEoSGz1ZCCrnaT3tOs7apNk5tkfpf8D_B83yYX-9Uyqvnh7lTRWtcEAYEYzoLqE3WZUMw-AdSEsNvMG-/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.37.27.png" height="406" width="640" /></a></div>
可以看到在3:59的時候,速度已經到達241.2km/hr<br />
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大約240秒,速度增加了241.2km/hr。這段的平均加速度大約是每秒增加1km/hr左右。<br />
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如果看剛啟動的30秒左右,可以看到速度從大約7.6km/hr 增加到79.6km/hr。加速度是每秒2.4km/hr。維基百科上面,關於高鐵啟動加速的資料則是每秒2.8km/hr。<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigtio8XKNGK4CX22diwR-T2A7rHAP5-GJHZeFIYhw3Eg5iMB8Z5GKPfSct_z68tnwa_wUHrHbKTrQlNbVjhpUi3nCCR11aWtrWyCbgZTpLROPTn1n4_IK86ZQFxJdxv9pIJ69gwlFMUzLh/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%8810.05.42.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigtio8XKNGK4CX22diwR-T2A7rHAP5-GJHZeFIYhw3Eg5iMB8Z5GKPfSct_z68tnwa_wUHrHbKTrQlNbVjhpUi3nCCR11aWtrWyCbgZTpLROPTn1n4_IK86ZQFxJdxv9pIJ69gwlFMUzLh/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%8810.05.42.png" height="406" width="640" /></a></div>
那煞車呢?來看看。在22:22的時候,速度為188.6km/hr。<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgzIRm182SGE7B_NjM7UwTqwA-VXiJBvhVUpP262l8v3zn-AN6c7asFdqkNRmNn973GOSiFmjRPU9t7tzvVbPytD51QOslpBOvY4qyaxoYI2WiftkaCIZ0HxrjwP2bfgXcWgo_clBC8Ahv/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.38.19.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgzIRm182SGE7B_NjM7UwTqwA-VXiJBvhVUpP262l8v3zn-AN6c7asFdqkNRmNn973GOSiFmjRPU9t7tzvVbPytD51QOslpBOvY4qyaxoYI2WiftkaCIZ0HxrjwP2bfgXcWgo_clBC8Ahv/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.38.19.png" height="407" width="640" /></a></div>
到了24:17的時候,速度降到7.6km/hr,代表煞車的平均加速度是每秒1.57km/hr。維基百科上的資料則是可以到每秒2.8km/hr,緊急煞車可以到每秒4km/hr<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizrtpY-MauqmH4-kKoZUCGbH15m3nuCkWv16lO29uua9FUhG3fgEyvx8HhYWsEilFJgsL1I32ilmRWnwnD67OOfRY6TJnoKHElaU95N5qsJmQ5qyscVify7YCk75wsmMnazzjA_cs_KlG2/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.38.34.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizrtpY-MauqmH4-kKoZUCGbH15m3nuCkWv16lO29uua9FUhG3fgEyvx8HhYWsEilFJgsL1I32ilmRWnwnD67OOfRY6TJnoKHElaU95N5qsJmQ5qyscVify7YCk75wsmMnazzjA_cs_KlG2/s1600/%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95%E5%BF%AB%E7%85%A7+2014-09-29+%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%889.38.34.png" height="406" width="640" /></a></div>
最後附上一張從新竹到台北的。中間停靠桃園喔。順便問一下理化老師,從這個軟體要怎麼知道高鐵從新竹到桃園走了多少距離呢?<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06663891665217069839noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-35826987390735769152014-03-06T21:47:00.001+08:002014-03-06T21:47:38.374+08:00電烤鬆餅糕2總之回家之後馬上再試一次,這次不買香料可怕的welcome鬆餅粉。買了比較正常但還是有加香料的日正鬆餅粉。然後還買了一罐蘋果紅茶。我八百年沒喝這種飲料,買這東西是為了這個紙盒大小還蠻適合的,就買回家。把飲料倒出來加一些到鬆餅粉裡面調味,盒子就切開來做加熱裝置。<br />
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這次算成功的多,大約6 分鐘烘烤完畢,膨脹的也夠。<br />
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調好的鬆餅麵糊大概倒進去到一半左右的體積</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTiVoTA4IejoPu9FhahlTKD1uTV7ueG4VsV7Qj-A6g6vk7l9SfJEbD07Eoot8TNjLFOy6RZVlbbvTQXOv_w5BtUx2E9ymuyo6QjYX7Dt4h5xvvG-ZOLKt3AAMCe7GGtQ_Eeo8SSdtL3Upd/s1600/DSC02292.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTiVoTA4IejoPu9FhahlTKD1uTV7ueG4VsV7Qj-A6g6vk7l9SfJEbD07Eoot8TNjLFOy6RZVlbbvTQXOv_w5BtUx2E9ymuyo6QjYX7Dt4h5xvvG-ZOLKt3AAMCe7GGtQ_Eeo8SSdtL3Upd/s1600/DSC02292.JPG" height="180" width="320" /></a></div>
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下面這是膨脹過程的影片</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7_vTHtImSP8/Uxh5a4guI3I/AAAAAAAARGk/q93e_k_3PY8/s1600/Clip+%252374.mov" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7_vTHtImSP8/Uxh5a4guI3I/AAAAAAAARGk/q93e_k_3PY8/s1600/Clip+%252374.mov" height="223" width="400" /></a></div>
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烤好差不多是膨脹兩倍體積</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEialU5MyM8ybuSm1H6c-WaJEeaOAcNpNuFI9AIuLVURlBy1LJ3Xx60AcW9-rhStNCtM2qq4YCZI56eE8Ca2Dewnk51Nwy1n-eytuZIUzOSVf5umfPewZpewN7PcfSyMhUBSNUKywbPjDIFf/s1600/DSC02296.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEialU5MyM8ybuSm1H6c-WaJEeaOAcNpNuFI9AIuLVURlBy1LJ3Xx60AcW9-rhStNCtM2qq4YCZI56eE8Ca2Dewnk51Nwy1n-eytuZIUzOSVf5umfPewZpewN7PcfSyMhUBSNUKywbPjDIFf/s1600/DSC02296.JPG" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
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成品像這樣,香氣還算正常。當然還有蘋果香精的味道是跑不掉,趁熱吃還不錯。</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-xLbYsuRbIPICOaqnCUKmbvSjgeJCuTvSdHFMfGQ5e3Thn93Poo-GOjTsi-dGXVtL-p9ZoGFWo2Spaomn7SVkLVLivhr9giQwflq3LnYPeFYvgblZmWSjdVMs05gEleiyBDxThB_h-lG-/s1600/DSC02299.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-xLbYsuRbIPICOaqnCUKmbvSjgeJCuTvSdHFMfGQ5e3Thn93Poo-GOjTsi-dGXVtL-p9ZoGFWo2Spaomn7SVkLVLivhr9giQwflq3LnYPeFYvgblZmWSjdVMs05gEleiyBDxThB_h-lG-/s1600/DSC02299.JPG" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06663891665217069839noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-4852884228580081872014-03-06T16:14:00.002+08:002014-03-06T16:19:12.730+08:00電烤鬆餅糕這個實驗本來應該在上學期進行的,之前看到<a href="http://blog.xuite.net/cdragonray/wretch">陳坤龍</a>老師和<a href="http://a-chien.blogspot.tw/2013/09/maker.html">阿簡老師</a>都有做,覺得很好玩也很適合在課堂上進行實驗和教學講解。但是一直沒有準備好東西,就一直拖延到現在才做。<br />
這是屬於「電流熱效應」的單元,是用兩塊不鏽鋼板通過110V的電,讓電通過鬆餅糊產生熱,然後把鬆餅蒸煮熟。<br />
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材料:<br />
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兩片不鏽鋼板,去學校附近賣白鐵廚具餐具的店買的,這些店都超老的,少說三四十年了吧。然後找一個適當大小的紙盒。其實這個盒子太大了,兩片金屬距離太大了。用牛奶盒比較適合。<br />
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準備鬆餅粉、雞蛋,用碗調麵糊</div>
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用這東西就可以測量這個裝置運作時的瓦數。後來忘記拍了,運作的時候大概是100W-120W左右。</div>
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通電大概十來分鐘,開始越來越熱,冒出水蒸氣。<br />
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過了大概一節課,差不多可以吃了。不過鐵板比盒子小一點,所以有一部分的鬆餅糊沒有電流通過,所以溫度一直不夠高。就把鐵板換一下位置繼續加熱。<br />
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弄的差不多之後當然就是準備把東西吃掉。不過不太好吃就是了哈哈。<br />
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下次要把鬆餅配方弄好一點,然後換小一點的盒子。這樣烤起來才夠快又夠熱。Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06663891665217069839noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-3928474765297890542013-12-13T21:50:00.001+08:002013-12-13T21:50:33.234+08:00熱情溫度計實驗什麼是熱情溫度計呢?就是這個(下禮拜再拍好了)<br />
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<a name='more'></a><a href="https://www.google.com.tw/webhp?hl=zh-TW#hl=zh-TW&q=%E7%86%B1%E6%83%85%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E8%A8%88">google 上有一堆相關的資料</a>,中央大學的物理演示實驗也有寫這個。<br />
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我在教室後面,默默的放了這東西,學生自然而然就拿起來玩了。玩了一下,自然而然的就會問老師:「這為什麼會這樣」<br />
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哪有那麼容易給答案的...<br />
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於是我就問:「你覺得為什麼啊?手握住後會發生什麼事情以至於水會往上走?」<br />
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他們有人就說液體膨脹了,有人就說氣體膨脹了。那我就提供他們一個訊息:氣體膨脹的比例大約是每升高攝氏一度,體積膨脹1/273(不知道他們會不會聯想到絕對溫度啊)<br />
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然後他們有人就說:阿那不可能是氣體膨脹。<br />
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「那是液體膨脹囉?」<br />
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「可是液體膨脹的話,液體不一定要往上跑啊」<br />
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「液體往上跑的話,一定有什麼東西從旁邊把它往下壓」 喔喔喔,good point!<br />
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「所以是誰呢?」<br />
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後來抓出兩種可能性,一個是上方的氣體膨脹。一個是液體揮發造成氣體變多。<br />
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然後超精采的是...他們做了一個小實驗。(下禮拜拍起來)<br />
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1.手握住下方容器的液體部分<br />
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2.手握住下方容器上半部的氣體部分<br />
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結果,1上升的速度慢,2.上升的速度快<br />
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所以,到底哪一個對呢?Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06663891665217069839noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-1058640663958656712013-08-13T21:35:00.002+08:002013-08-13T21:35:56.494+08:00用電腦+耳機測聲速會有這個點子,是看了<a href="http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/activity/race-2/2011/pdf/100031.pdf">這篇國展</a>仿製的。想要詳細清楚的作法,可以看那篇科展的內容。<br />
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不過我本來是想要做比較複雜的裝置,結果沒想到我只是把耳機插到電腦上,裝置就完成了。是的,測量聲速,只需要一個耳機。耳塞式的,不用太貴,便宜的都可以。我用的是很久以前某個不知道誰送的mp3 player附的耳機。從塵封的抽屜中拿出來,插到電腦的「麥克風孔」上,接著,把兩個耳機放到距離50cm處,用膠帶貼起來。就完成了硬體裝置。<br />
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<a name='more'></a>這東西的原理很簡單,就是電腦會把兩個耳機當做立體聲麥克風的左右兩個聲道。我在左側發出一個聲音,左邊的耳機(麥克風)會先記錄到,然後等聲音傳到右邊的耳機時,就會在右聲道記錄第二個聲音。<br />
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從上面的圖可以看出來,我的手在左邊耳機敲一下,電腦會記錄左聲道有很大的聲音,但是右聲道沒有,代表左右聲道真的有分離。<br />
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簡單的部份完畢了,後面很難,基本上算是未完成。只是先唬爛一下<br />
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首先是音源,我拿了小木鎚在左邊用力的敲了一下,記錄到了明顯的peak,但是到右邊已經衰減到幾乎看不到記錄了。但是聲音又不能太雜亂,這樣記錄到的波形很亂的話,就比較難分析。總之我就先用小木鎚敲了<br />
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接下來更困難而且很唬爛,就是要分析到底左聲道的哪一個peak會對應到右聲道的哪一個peak。目前看起來,似乎會「反相」,也就是左聲道是波峰的,到右聲道的時候變成波谷。但我不知道為什麼。<br />
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以下看圖,我總共敲了三次,記錄三個peak。用的錄音軟體是audacity,這軟體可以很容易的放大振幅,也可以拉寬時間軸。<br />
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首先看第一個peak的第一個波峰,看下面我用紅框框起來的,就是我瞄準了波峰的位置是在第18個記錄點。為了blogger的邊界不要爆掉,所以我沒有把圖放大。有興趣的可以點圖去看原圖就知道我在講什麼。<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXc8JV_biy5bcQ1DsdxMMnjih96Gyl38ebeFNooQzd-9-ujZBucZyDTOkdhGZYSKuzEL4k77EoFUHVS8y0fjhHz0KaJMVshzzdaS3dGARlZ9VW4eY50yoCv13iq7mW5p0aBM7SxPh20TfM/s1600/skitched-20130813-203553.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXc8JV_biy5bcQ1DsdxMMnjih96Gyl38ebeFNooQzd-9-ujZBucZyDTOkdhGZYSKuzEL4k77EoFUHVS8y0fjhHz0KaJMVshzzdaS3dGARlZ9VW4eY50yoCv13iq7mW5p0aBM7SxPh20TfM/s400/skitched-20130813-203553.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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接著就是要唬爛的地方了,右聲道我抓的是第一個波谷,因為左聲道是明顯的先往下一些些,然後再明顯的往上。但是右聲道卻是先微微的往上(幾乎貼著基準線)然後再向下。</div>
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所以我猜兩邊記錄到的波形是反相的。也就是左聲道我抓的第一個波峰,是右聲道的第一個波谷。</div>
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唬爛完畢,那麼時間點呢?差不多介於79~80之間。那來估計值一下算是79.5,那麼兩個波的時間差,就是79.5-18=61.5個記錄點的差距。</div>
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我的取樣率是44100,所以兩者的時間差就是61.5/44100。</div>
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為了怕實驗誤差,於是我敲了三次,就記錄了三組數據。來看看吧:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcolpfezwQZJidC_YdbURAaAWsQEkxqaRgIMtAK8WVV4gt4dWf67pQQaOfJmV_fRZqOe3dqWxLTY9OuYuM2TKjKczYqcTqd-kAsrE7hl0gsA2aEK05UOMd2KTYJC4qxVxZoGUY89pCJYrc/s1600/skitched-20130813-203618.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcolpfezwQZJidC_YdbURAaAWsQEkxqaRgIMtAK8WVV4gt4dWf67pQQaOfJmV_fRZqOe3dqWxLTY9OuYuM2TKjKczYqcTqd-kAsrE7hl0gsA2aEK05UOMd2KTYJC4qxVxZoGUY89pCJYrc/s400/skitched-20130813-203618.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Peak2, 左聲道:1732</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxj5L7wELVJ1Dl7nZrbEegtEr3Ne4qgxAPV-Mx3cwDPnbZmHz_TVy1Ev9JvnrEW5QsJPq3XzOJK-hIt8OHwdusUzcSgSTDXA2cvL43b_ay8gqYP2hBZTHajU6vKa83QD_-xaCqS9dBEcnm/s1600/skitched-20130813-203633.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxj5L7wELVJ1Dl7nZrbEegtEr3Ne4qgxAPV-Mx3cwDPnbZmHz_TVy1Ev9JvnrEW5QsJPq3XzOJK-hIt8OHwdusUzcSgSTDXA2cvL43b_ay8gqYP2hBZTHajU6vKa83QD_-xaCqS9dBEcnm/s400/skitched-20130813-203633.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Peak2, 右聲道:1794</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-KG27Ov0heDFbkJKREtA1NN4tqe7azI4X0HejRneQkM4F1-AFJqXP8oG5qCzivjqyRfBvtT0bwrf-pjZ0-ASS0sp2C8jorMcgBUrmV9KNsTW1-pcIGJV78a91aVxVhp80vM9JQddF4BDH/s1600/skitched-20130813-203718.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-KG27Ov0heDFbkJKREtA1NN4tqe7azI4X0HejRneQkM4F1-AFJqXP8oG5qCzivjqyRfBvtT0bwrf-pjZ0-ASS0sp2C8jorMcgBUrmV9KNsTW1-pcIGJV78a91aVxVhp80vM9JQddF4BDH/s400/skitched-20130813-203718.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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兩聲道差距:1794-1732=62<br />
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Peak3 左聲道:4268~4269</div>
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Peak3 右聲道:4331~4332</div>
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兩聲道差距=4331.5-4268.5=63<br />
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61.5, 62, 63平均是62.2<br />
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也就是平均找到左右聲道的時間差是62.2/44100,那麼再用距離為0.5m去除,就可以得到聲速為354.6m/s,以我測量時的室溫大約是31度,以聲速=331+0.6T計算,聲速為349.6,這樣誤差大約是1.4%<br />
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以這樣的實驗裝置來說,可以測到1.4%的誤差我覺得算是蠻不錯的。如果可以讓耳機距離更遠,或找到更乾淨強力的訊源,讓聲波乾淨一點,更好判斷一點。這實驗應該可以更準也更有說服力。<br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06663891665217069839noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1325214604135658340.post-47907264302544667192013-08-11T16:44:00.002+08:002013-08-11T16:47:26.540+08:00用IKEA木製小火車做功能轉換實驗家裡面如果有小朋友而且喜歡IKEA的人,可能都會買一些<a href="http://www.ikea.com/tw/zh/catalog/products/30168149/">這種木頭小火車</a>放在家裡。我之前也買了兩三組放家裡給小朋友玩。<br />
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這組有斜坡的剛好可用來作實驗。<br />
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很多年前在NHK有看到一個實驗,就是用一個軌道斜坡,放一個小滑車從坡道上滑下去碰撞到物體後,將物體向前推。由於摩擦力的關係,滑車和物體會煞停。那麼滑車所在的高度和滑車重量就會影響煞停的距離。<br />
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用物理的術語來說,就是滑車高度越高或質量越大,滑車的位能就越大。滑車向下滑的時候,位能會釋放轉成動能,滑到底部時,撞到物體,動能又被摩擦力做的負功拿走直到速度降低到0為止。<br />
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前兩天又看到<a href="http://www.plurk.com/p/j0nzsf">阿簡po了類似的東西</a>,於是就想把這個實驗在家裡做一下,也做成記錄。<br />
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這個實驗前兩年有在學校進行相關課程的時候做過一次,但是準確度不太夠。定性說明一下可以,如果要做出數據用定量分析,數據就不夠漂亮了。<br />
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STEP1. 將木塊放到起點,並把尺的0切齊木塊。<br />
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STEP2.將滑車拿到指定高度的位置(事先量好)然後釋放...<br />
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STEP3.滑車會撞到木塊,並將木塊往前推後煞停<br />
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STEP4.量一下木塊往前走了多少?<br />
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STEP5.同樣高度的實驗,重複做至少三次。取平均。<br />
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STEP6.改變不同的高度,重複做實驗取得數據<br />
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數據如下:<br />
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<div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
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<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>高度(cm)</b></span></div>
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<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>第1次(cm)</b></span></div>
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<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>第2次(cm)</b></span></div>
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<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>第3次(cm)</b></span></div>
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<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Heiti TC Light'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>撞擊平均距離(cm)</b></span></div>
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<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Heiti TC Light'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>標準差</b></span></div>
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<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>2.7</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">1.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">1.6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">1.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">1.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">0.058</span></div>
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<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>5.4</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">3.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">3.4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">3.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">3.4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">0.100</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>8.3</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">4.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">4.6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">4.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">4.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">0.058</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;"><b>10.5</b></span></div>
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<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">5.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">5.5</span></div>
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<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">5.3</span></div>
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<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">5.4</span></div>
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<td style="border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px 0.2px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 2.0px 1.0px 2.0px; width: 80.8px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 10px; text-align: center;">
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px;">0.115</span></div>
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從數據可以看到,標準差不算太大,以國中實驗來說,尚可接受。所以就來分析一下趨勢,作圖囉。(居然可以直接從numbers copy圖過來貼,blogger會不會太方便了?)<br />
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可以看到,R^2不太好,只有0.98而已。另外我也還沒想清楚截距的意思。所以說如果這實驗拿來觀察定性關係還ok,要做定量分析的話,可能還是太複雜或太勉強了點。</div>
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接著我們來使用<a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/vernier-video-physics/id389784247?mt=8">Video Physics</a>這套軟體來分析看看。由於需要拍攝,所以就請到鄭小軒同學來當做實驗助理。攝影完畢後,就打開Video Physics,把影片匯入。選擇左邊的:analyze a Video。</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaJ-dDZamoMAFzGWWozZslsOxwbM0SSzg5toHQHK81MSNv2ohv27Wte_1bqMLaME11-ojMavco98E_xernHQKQa0m1di2AtHm1kDpTD_Hymrt9VnA9z53N1ABA_BGFwlor65_fN8Wr7TZr/s1600/IMG_1633.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaJ-dDZamoMAFzGWWozZslsOxwbM0SSzg5toHQHK81MSNv2ohv27Wte_1bqMLaME11-ojMavco98E_xernHQKQa0m1di2AtHm1kDpTD_Hymrt9VnA9z53N1ABA_BGFwlor65_fN8Wr7TZr/s400/IMG_1633.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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接著在火車上找一個清楚的指標(其實有點難,因為速度越快車子越糊),每一個要分析的瞬間(1/30秒)都點下去,標出滑車的位置。</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxGqWnfJK7JJ3Wllz8WyRUGT1JKs3rUsWoLLYjBNk2EHzvQCG-2TID8ATTi137K9IcQhVi_UlVrbqXu5c1tVkpxirsDDyrpcTPVlj0ajG-o8KReFOgKKImA0-WBc0yNU23yK2OBCZUm10U/s1600/IMG_1634.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxGqWnfJK7JJ3Wllz8WyRUGT1JKs3rUsWoLLYjBNk2EHzvQCG-2TID8ATTi137K9IcQhVi_UlVrbqXu5c1tVkpxirsDDyrpcTPVlj0ajG-o8KReFOgKKImA0-WBc0yNU23yK2OBCZUm10U/s400/IMG_1634.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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看到那些藍點了嗎?就是標示的點。</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7y0TdVBU_IovJBE3DwYjr8UUrl9TO2TsGY7nh-gNEGD2Lw3T4TcZqL3mVicQm1_mXPWWPFlKEcpZD6GCcG2xqtjMHUH-TndnViG80FZ9DQtNnfmi98t5Ez4gZ7zz1VSaDqm7vPYiwh87-/s1600/IMG_1635.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7y0TdVBU_IovJBE3DwYjr8UUrl9TO2TsGY7nh-gNEGD2Lw3T4TcZqL3mVicQm1_mXPWWPFlKEcpZD6GCcG2xqtjMHUH-TndnViG80FZ9DQtNnfmi98t5Ez4gZ7zz1VSaDqm7vPYiwh87-/s400/IMG_1635.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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標示完畢後,就直接幫你把點的位置-時間關係圖和速度-時間關係圖分析出來囉:</div>
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可以看到一開始加速還蠻明顯的,後來就沒那麼明顯(不知道是不是我標示點的不夠好),當然這邊的加速度會不穩定是正常的,因為軌道的坡度一直變。(緩、陡、緩、陡、緩)理論上可以在v-t看到這樣的變化,但是似乎時間太短,拍攝到的畫面太模糊,所以不太容易標示)</div>
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大約在2.3秒多一點的地方發生碰撞,速度瞬間降低。但是這邊的v-t圖也不是直線下降,而是漸趨平緩,是不是過程中摩擦力有變呢?</div>
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詳細的數據目前無法取得,因為從Video Physics輸出的資料是cmpl的格式,目前還不知道用什麼程式可以開?或者只能有Vernier公司出的另一個APP來讀呢?<a href="http://www.vernier.com/products/software/ga/">(詳情)</a></div>
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OK,總之我覺得這個木頭小火車,還蠻適合用來作功能轉換這實驗的一些定性</div>
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